Thiruneetru pachilai/Great Basil Plant

Name – Thiruneetru pachilai/Great Basil/sweet basil/Ocimum Basilicum

Binomial Name – Ocimum Basilicum

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Thiruneetru pachilai (Sweet basil) is also known as Great Basil, Sweet basil or Ocimum Basilicum

Basil is native to India and other tropical regions stretching from Africa to Southeast Asia, but has now become globalized due to human cultivation.

Basil is an annual, or sometimes perennial, herb used for its leaves. Depending on the variety, plants can reach heights of between 30 and 150 cm (1 and 5 ft).

Its leaves are richly green and ovate

Thiruneetru pachilai (Sweet basil) is a common medicinal herb and used in treatment of various diseases from time immemorial. The leaves of plant contain methylchaylcol, linalol, eugenol, thymol and xanthamicrol.

The juice extracted from fresh leaves is folk medicine to treat respiratory disorders, fever, ear pain etc.

The flowers of plant are stimulant, carminative, antispasmodic, diuretic, and demulcent. Seeds are antidysenteric.

The Juice obtained from leaf is antibacterial. The essential oil obtained from plant is antibacterial, anti-fungal and insecticidal.

The various basils have such distinct scents because the volatile aromatic compounds vary with cultivars.

The essential oil from European basil contains high concentrations of linalool and methyl chavicol (estragole), in a ratio of about 3:1.Other constituents include: 1,8-cineole, eugenol, and myrcene, among others.

The clove scent of sweet basil is derived from eugenol. The aroma profile of basil includes 1,8-cineole and methyl eugenol.

Some of these are useful as insect repellents.

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